Medicinal Mushrooms and the Liver: What the Research Actually Tested — and What It Hasn’t Yet

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), known in traditional Chinese medicine as “lingzhi,” is the medicinal mushroom studied more than any other in connection with the liver — alongside lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), cordyceps and turkey tail (Trametes versicolor), all of them medicinal mushrooms sold as dietary supplements. The honest answer: there is no good clinical evidence that medicinal mushrooms improve the liver. The largest meta-analysis on reishi — 17 randomized trials, 971 participants — found no effect on liver enzymes.

And what does exist in the human literature at relatively high quality points the other way: rare liver injury from reishi, including one death.

The evidence sits on four floors: one meta-analysis of randomized trials on reishi, plus a handful of trials that measured liver enzymes purely as a safety marker; one crossover trial in 42 healthy volunteers and two small Chinese studies of cordyceps in hepatitis B, without blinding; dozens of studies in poisoned rats and mice — which is where nearly every citation you will find online comes from; and, on a separate floor, case reports of liver injury and the entries of the NIH’s LiverTox database. At every step, this page tells you which floor you are standing on.

Do medicinal mushrooms help the liver?

Not according to human measurements. The largest meta-analysis on reishi — 17 randomized trials, 971 participants, 200 to 11,200 mg a day for one to 24 weeks — found no significant effect on liver enzymes. Lion’s mane and turkey tail have no randomized trial that measured liver function. What is documented in humans is rare injury, not benefit.

This is where most writers stumble, so let us be precise: the 2025 meta-analysis by Jafari did not “find nothing.” It did find small, significant reductions in BMI, creatinine and heart rate, and a rise in the antioxidant enzyme GPx. What it did not find was an effect on liver enzymes — nor on fasting glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure or inflammatory markers. And every outcome, including the significant ones, carried a GRADE rating of “very low.” That is the answer; from here on, only the resolution changes.

What does the liver actually do — and why are mushrooms linked to it at all?

The liver is the body’s chemical plant: it clears drugs, alcohol and pollutants, makes bile to digest fat, stores vitamins and minerals, regulates blood sugar and builds clotting and immune proteins. Mushrooms were tied to it for two reasons: Chinese medicine gave reishi a hepatic role, and rat studies showed protection from toxins. Neither is a measurement in humans.

The liver performs hundreds of tasks in parallel, quietly — until something goes wrong. Inflammation, fat accumulation and cell damage are processes that medicine diagnoses and treats, which is why any concern about a liver condition calls for a physician, not a supplement. The link between mushrooms and the liver was born from four groups of compounds that our old page described, and we keep the description in more precise wording:

• Polysaccharides and β-glucans — the most studied components, mainly in an immune context. In the liver they were tested in rodent poisoning models; over 84 days of intake in healthy adults they did not change liver function. This is also the quality marker we measure — and why β-glucan rather than “total polysaccharides”.
• Triterpenes — reishi’s bitter compounds, studied in vitro and in rodents. The only human trial on them and the liver is the trial in 42 volunteers described below.
• Antioxidants — phenols and glutathione. In 18 adults who took 1.44 grams of reishi a day for 4 weeks, a non-significant trend toward higher antioxidant capacity was measured — with no change in any liver marker.
• Vitamins and minerals — the B group, selenium, copper and potassium. Nutrients, not a measured hepatic mechanism.

The distinction this page insists on: “studied” — tested in a lab or in an animal. “Measured in humans” — people took it and somebody measured what happened to their liver. Only the second one concerns you.

What has been measured in humans on reishi and liver enzymes?

Three layers: the 17-trial, 971-participant meta-analysis — no effect on liver enzymes; one crossover trial in 42 healthy volunteers reporting a 42% drop in GOT; and a trial in 110 participants with dyslipidemia where ALT and GGT fell — from normal to normal. Four more trials measured the liver only as a safety marker and found no change.

The 2017 trial by Chiu is the most impressive number in the literature: 42 healthy volunteers, a 225 mg capsule of reishi enriched with triterpenoids and polysaccharides, 6 months, crossover with a one-month washout. GOT fell by 42%, GPT by 27%, and ultrasound recorded a shift from “mild fatty liver” to normal. Whoever quotes this to you as proof omits the main point: one study, small, never replicated — and included in the meta-analysis that found no overall effect. In 18 adults who took 1.44 grams a day for 4 weeks against placebo, no variable changed, including liver toxicity markers. Over 84 days of reishi β-glucan — no change. When you measure, you do not see benefit — and most of the time you do not see harm either.

Why does “statistically significant” not always mean anything?

Because a drop in ALT from 25.69 to 20.94 is significant (p=0.041) — and both values sit inside the normal range. That happened in a 2025 trial: 110 participants with dyslipidemia, reishi spore oil, 12 weeks. A marker that was already normal has nothing to “improve” — so “improved liver function” is technically correct and substantively misleading.

The 2025 trial by Wang — 110 participants, 55 in each arm, double-blind, crossover — is a perfect illustration of the gap between statistics and clinical relevance. At the end: ALT 20.94 versus 25.69 on placebo, AST 21.00 versus 24.17, GGT 23.19 versus 33.13, ALP 74.94 versus 85.20 — every difference significant, and all eight values inside the normal range. The rule for any supplement you will ever meet: when you are shown a “significant drop” in liver enzymes, ask what value it started from and what value it reached. If the answer to both is “normal,” nothing relevant to a sick liver was measured.

Do mushrooms help fatty liver?

In humans with diagnosed fatty liver — not tested. A dedicated PubMed search for a randomized trial of reishi in MASLD or NASH patients returned zero. The only human evidence is the trial in 42 healthy volunteers that reported reversal of “mild fatty liver” on ultrasound. For lion’s mane, turkey tail and cordyceps — mice, rats and hens only.

What exists: a lion’s mane protein in obese mice reduced liver fat and oxidative damage; lion’s mane polysaccharides improved liver damage in a model of aging laying hens; a polysaccharide from turkey tail mycelium eased fatty-liver signs in mice on a high-fat diet. What does not exist: a single randomized trial in people diagnosed with fatty liver, for any of the four mushrooms. Such a trial is relatively easy to run; that nobody has run it after decades of marketing is itself information. If you have been diagnosed, what has been measured in humans is diet, exercise and weight loss — a conversation for a physician, not for a bottle.

What is a “liver detox” anyway — and what has been measured?

“Liver detox” is not a medical term and has no metric. The liver is the body’s toxin-clearing organ, and it is not “cleansed” by a supplement. A dedicated search for a reishi “liver cleansing” trial returned zero; a broad search for “medicinal mushroom detox” in humans returned one irrelevant study. Whoever sells this is selling a marketing category.

Our old page spoke of “supporting the liver’s natural enzymatic activity (phase 1 and phase 2)” — wording that sounds scientific, and we are removing it because there is no human measurement behind it. What does exist is the opposite: a reishi polysaccharide inhibited phase 1 enzymes of the CYP450 family in liver microsomes — a finding that belongs in the “drug interactions” chapter, not under “support.” Liver activity is measured by ALT, AST, GGT and bilirubin — and those are exactly the markers no study has shown mushrooms changing in healthy people.

What was found in mice, and why doesn’t it carry over to humans?

In rodents the picture is consistent: reishi extract at 600 or 1,600 mg per kg reduced fibrosis in 40 rats poisoned with CCl4 for 8 weeks; reishi polysaccharides lowered ALT and AST in mice poisoned with acetaminophen; spore powder lowered them in mice given 50% ethanol. All are acute-poisoning models in animals, and none has a single human study.

This is the most common deception on the subject: quoting “reishi protects the liver from alcohol damage” without saying the subjects were mice given 50% ethanol. The model: a rat poisoned with carbon tetrachloride is not a person whose fatty liver developed over twenty years. The dose: 1,600 mg per kg in a rat is not 1,600 mg in a human — conversion between species is not simple arithmetic. And the test: when the experiment was actually run in humans — 17 times, in 971 participants — it did not find what the rats showed. A mouse is a hypothesis. A human is a measurement.

What is known about lion’s mane and the liver?

Almost nothing — in either direction. Not a single randomized trial of lion’s mane reported liver enzymes, and there is no literature at all on it in hepatitis, fibrosis or cirrhosis. What is documented is safety: LiverTox grades it E — “unlikely to be a cause of clinically apparent liver injury” — and notes zero case reports.

The E grade deserves an explanation, because the difference between it and “no entry” is the whole point. LiverTox, a database of the US National Institutes of Health, reviews the literature on every drug and supplement and grades the likelihood of liver injury. E means: they looked and found nothing — not in the clinical trials and not in the large case series. That is different from turkey tail, which simply was never reviewed. If you are considering lion’s mane, the reason should be a goal that has been studied in humans — not the liver. What has been documented — on the side-effects page.

What was found on cordyceps in hepatitis B?

Two small human studies in China. The larger, from 2012: 60 chronic hepatitis B patients, 40 treated and 20 controls, 6 months — a significant fall in ALT, AST and blood fibrosis markers. 21 of them had paired biopsies: in 11 the fibrosis stage fell. These are studies with no reported blinding, in Chinese journals, never replicated outside China.

The details matter. The preparation was a cordyceps-based herbal capsule, 8 capsules three times a day — not a single cordyceps extract. Biopsy was performed in only 21 of the 60: in 17 the inflammation grade fell, in 11 the fibrosis stage fell, in 7 there was no change — 18 of 21; the fate of the remaining three is not stated in the abstract, and we do not fill in the gap. The second study, from 2000, covered 25 patients for 3 months, with no numerical values. On the other side, in randomized trials in healthy adults — 49 participants who took 1.05 grams of mycelium for 3 months, and a cordyceps drink for 8 weeks — liver function did not change: safety, not benefit. Hepatitis B has proven antiviral treatment; nobody replaces it on the strength of an unblinded study. What has been measured in humans — on the cordyceps science page.

And what about turkey tail?

No evidence — and no testing. Not a single randomized trial in humans has measured liver function after turkey tail, in any form — not extract, not PSK, not PSP. It has no LiverTox entry at all: searching “turkey tail” on the database site returned “not found in the book.” Its liver literature is mice, rats and industrial enzymes.

Here you have to beware of the convenient conclusion. “No LiverTox entry” sounds like a clean bill of health, and it is the opposite: the absence of an entry means nobody has reviewed the literature on liver injury from turkey tail. Lion’s mane has an entry with an E grade — reviewed and found unlikely. Turkey tail has no entry — not reviewed. On the benefit side: a polysaccharide from fermented mycelium (17,478 daltons) that eased fatty liver in mice on a high-fat diet — and that is all.

Can reishi harm the liver?

Yes, in rare cases. LiverTox grades reishi D — “a possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury” — based on a small number of reports from China, Japan, Thailand and India. Typical onset is 1–2 months; severity ranges from an asymptomatic enzyme rise to liver failure; recovery after stopping is complete within 1–3 months. One case was fatal.

The three case reports: the first, from 2004 in the Journal of Hepatology — a letter to the editor on hepatotoxicity from a reishi preparation in an older woman; the abstract is unavailable, so we quote no detail from it. The second, from Thailand, is the fatal one: fulminant hepatitis in 2005 in a patient who was also taking other medications. The detail that gets lost online: she had previously consumed traditionally boiled reishi without harm; the attack came after switching to a powder for one to two months. The third, from 2023, is described in the next chapter. LiverTox adds that the mechanism and the responsible component have not been identified, and that given worldwide use, clinical injury “must be very rare.” And for context: in the US DILIN network, which pools diagnosed liver-injury cases, the share of herbal and dietary supplements rose from 7% to 20% between 2004 and 2013, and injuries from non-bodybuilding supplements ended in death or transplant in 13% of cases versus 3% for prescription drugs. Those are percentages of cases already referred to liver centers — not of the population and not of supplement users. And Agaricus, another medicinal mushroom, is tied to a report of 3 cancer patients in Japan with severe liver damage, 2 of whom died. “Natural” is not a safety category.

What happens when you combine it with alcohol?

The only human evidence points the opposite way from the marketing. In 2023, a 47-year-old man who took reishi powder together with alcohol presented with headache and abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute hepatitis and a significant rise in transaminases. He was managed conservatively with N-acetylcysteine and fluids, and within two weeks the symptoms and lab findings resolved completely.

One case is not causation, and we do not write that “reishi and alcohol are dangerous.” But when reishi is marketed as “liver protection against alcohol,” the source is mice given 50% ethanol — while the only human report on the combination, a man aged 47, is a report of injury. That is enough not to recommend it. One more detail that belongs on a liver page: our extracts contain 32% alcohol — a daily dose is a small amount, but anyone avoiding alcohol for a medical reason should weigh that with a physician. And if you drink regularly and are looking for something to “balance” it — the only thing that has been measured in humans is drinking less.

Do mushrooms affect drugs the liver breaks down?

Possibly — not measured in humans. A reishi polysaccharide, at 50 and 200 mg per kg in rats and in liver microsomes in vitro, inhibited CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A dose-dependently — the enzymes that clear a large share of drugs. The authors themselves wrote that “pharmacokinetics may be altered in herb–drug interaction.” No human interaction study has been done.

CYP450 is the mechanism through which the liver breaks down a large share of drugs. Inhibiting it does not harm the liver — it raises the drug’s level in the blood. A 2025 review on combining reishi and turkey tail with EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer (gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, osimertinib) flags that the interaction risk “may become critical” alongside treatment. That is a review, not a measurement — so the message is simple: anyone on a regular medication talks to their physician or pharmacist before any supplement, including ours. What is known — on the drug-interactions page.

Is it safe for someone who already has liver disease?

Unknown. A dedicated search for safety studies of medicinal mushrooms in cirrhosis or existing liver disease returned zero. And in two of the three reishi injury cases there were background factors — other medications in the fatal case, alcohol in the 2023 case. Anyone with liver disease asks a physician, not a website — and that includes this one.

A subtle lesson from cordyceps: in 2023, a woman aged 81 who had taken a cordyceps supplement for a long time presented with an enlarged spleen and weight loss. Biopsy showed hepatoportal sclerosis — structural injury to the portal veins — and the findings improved after the supplement was stopped. Her liver enzymes were normal. In other words: a normal blood test does not rule out liver injury. Our old page included rules of use, and we keep them — for healthy people:

• Consult a physician before starting — especially with regular medications, an underlying condition, pregnancy or breastfeeding. With liver disease it is a condition, not a recommendation.
• Start gradually, one supplement at a time — if something goes wrong, you will know what caused it.
• Listen to your body — pain in the upper right abdomen, jaundice, dark urine or unusual fatigue are reasons to stop and see a physician.
• Mushrooms are an addition — diet, sleep and exercise are what has been measured, again and again, in liver health.

What we actually measure in our bottle

After everything that has not been measured, here is what has. We grow reishi, lion’s mane, cordyceps and turkey tail on our farm in the Galilee — whole fruiting body, not mycelium grown on grain and not an imported powder whose origin is a name on a label. The mushroom goes from harvest to extraction with no drying step; as far as we know, we are among the very few in the world who work this way, and we explained separately why that matters. The extraction is triple — water, alcohol and a combination of the two — and the alcohol stage alone runs 7 weeks. Extraction ratios on a fresh-mushroom basis: cordyceps 1:2.5, lion’s mane 1:2, reishi 1:3, turkey tail with reishi 1:3 — what an extraction ratio says and what it does not.

Our old page wrote, rightly, that quality is the name of the game with mushrooms — they absorb from their environment, and wild-picked mushrooms without professional identification are a real danger to the liver, with no connection to medicinal mushrooms. Growing in a controlled environment solves the first problem. External testing solves the second: we sent the finished extract — not the raw material — to TÜV Austria and measured β-glucan on a dry-matter basis. The test also measured α-glucan, which is starch, and did not detect it: that is the chemical proof there is no grain in the bottle. The market ladder has three rungs — mycelium on grain, usually below 7% β-glucan; imported dried fruiting body; and fresh fruiting body from the farm. The reishi extract, the cordyceps extract, the lion’s mane extract and the turkey tail with reishi extract — all on the third rung, and all our tests are public. The extract contains 32% alcohol and is kosher under the Mateh Yehuda Rabbinate, Rabbi Gad Atias.

That is what we know how to measure and prove about what is in the bottle. What it will do for the liver was not measured — so it is not written.

What this page does not say — and what we do not claim

We do not claim that medicinal mushrooms support the liver, cleanse it, protect it or help it regenerate — those are exactly the sentences that stood in the previous version of this page, and we removed them because no human measurement stood behind them. We do not claim that reishi is dangerous to the liver: injury has been documented, it is rare, and the NIH writes that it “must be very rare.” We do not claim that lion’s mane or cordyceps are “safe for the liver” — an E grade says no injury was found, not that safety was measured in liver patients. On turkey tail there is nothing to claim either way. And we do not claim that any extract of ours suits anyone because of the state of their liver. If the liver is the reason you came here, the address is a physician.

The bottom line

Medicinal mushrooms have not been shown to benefit the liver in any good human measurement: 17 randomized trials and 971 participants on reishi showed no effect on liver enzymes, the only study that reported improvement in fatty liver covered 42 healthy people and was never replicated, and lion’s mane and turkey tail have no dedicated liver trial at all. What has been documented in humans is rare injury from reishi — including one death — and a possible CYP450 interaction measured only in rats. Everything else is mice. If you have liver disease — ask a physician, and bring them this page.

Frequently asked questions

Scientific sources (peer-reviewed)

• Reishi in 17 randomized trials, 971 participants, 200–11,200 mg a day, 1–24 weeks: no significant effect on liver enzymes, fasting glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure or inflammatory markers; significant reductions in BMI (−0.43), creatinine (−0.14) and heart rate (−3.92) and a rise in GPx (+2.29); GRADE “very low” for every outcome — Jafari A, et al. Food Science & Nutrition, 2025. View on PubMed
• Reishi enriched with triterpenoids and polysaccharides in 42 healthy volunteers, 225 mg a day, 6 months, crossover: GOT fell 42%, GPT fell 27%; ultrasound shift from “mild fatty liver” to normal — Chiu HF, et al. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2017. View on PubMed
• Reishi spore oil in 110 participants with dyslipidemia, 12 weeks, double-blind crossover: ALT 20.94 versus 25.69 (p=0.041), GGT 23.19 versus 33.13 (p=0.020), ALP 74.94 versus 85.20 (p=0.032) — all values in both groups inside the normal range — Wang X, et al. Nutrients, 2025. View on PubMed
• Reishi in 18 healthy adults aged 22–52, 1.44 grams a day, 4 weeks, double-blind crossover: no significant change in any variable, including liver and kidney toxicity markers — Wachtel-Galor S, et al. The British Journal of Nutrition, 2004. View on PubMed
• Reishi β-glucan in healthy adults, 84 days, double-blind RCT: rise in T and NK cells; no significant change in liver or kidney function — Chen SN, et al. Foods, 2023. View on PubMed
• Fatal fulminant hepatitis after reishi powder, Thailand 2005: prior traditional boiled use without harm; a switch to powder for 1–2 months preceded the attack; the second case described — Wanmuang H, et al. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 2007. View on PubMed
• Hepatotoxicity from a reishi preparation — letter to the editor, the first case described (abstract unavailable) — Yuen MF, et al. Journal of Hepatology, 2004. View on PubMed
• Man aged 47, reishi powder with alcohol: acute hepatitis with transaminitis; conservative management with N-acetylcysteine and fluids; complete resolution within two weeks — Guedikian R, et al. Cureus, 2023. View on PubMed
• LiverTox on reishi: likelihood score D — “a possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury”; onset 1–2 months; complete recovery within 1–3 months; mechanism not identified — LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury, NIDDK/NIH. View on NCBI Bookshelf
• DILIN network, 839 patients, 2004–2013: 130 (15.5%) from supplements; their share rose from 7% to 20% (p<0.001); death or transplant in 13% of injuries from non-bodybuilding supplements versus 3% from prescription drugs — Navarro VJ, et al. Hepatology, 2014. View on PubMed
• 3 cancer patients in Japan with severe liver damage after Agaricus extract; 2 died of fulminant hepatitis; positive re-challenge in one — Mukai H, et al. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2006. View on PubMed
• Cordyceps-based capsule in 60 chronic hepatitis B patients (40/20), 6 months: fall in ALT, AST, HA, PC-III, LN; in 21 paired biopsies — inflammation fell in 17, fibrosis fell in 11, no change in 7; no reported blinding — Wang XB, et al. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 2012. View on PubMed
• Cordyceps in 25 chronic hepatitis B patients, 3 months: rise in CD4 and the CD4/CD8 ratio, fall in HA and PC-III (p<0.05); values not stated in the abstract — Gong HY, et al. Bulletin of Hunan Medical University, 2000. View on PubMed
• Fermented cordyceps drink in healthy adults, RCT, 8 weeks: rise in NK activity; glucose, lipids and liver and kidney safety markers — no difference between groups — Ontawong A, et al. Scientific Reports, 2024. View on PubMed
• Cordyceps mycelium in 49 participants, 1.05 grams a day, 3 months: no significant difference in liver or kidney function; no adverse effects reported — Tsai YS, et al. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020. View on PubMed
• Woman aged 81, long-term cordyceps supplement: hepatoportal sclerosis on biopsy, improvement after stopping; liver enzymes normal — Kaur B, et al. ACG Case Reports Journal, 2023. View on PubMed
• LiverTox on cordyceps: likelihood score E — “unlikely to be a cause of clinically apparent liver injury”; no aminotransferase elevations in trials; one case report with an uncertain link — LiverTox, NIDDK/NIH. View on NCBI Bookshelf
• LiverTox on lion’s mane: likelihood score E; no case reports of clinically apparent liver injury; not mentioned in the large case series of supplement injury — LiverTox, NIDDK/NIH. View on NCBI Bookshelf
• Lion’s mane protein in obese mice (animal model): reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative liver damage via PPARα; doses not stated — Lu H, et al. Foods, 2025. View on PubMed
• Lion’s mane polysaccharides in a model of aging laying hens with NAFLD (animal model): improved liver damage via the gut barrier and microbiome — rise in Lactobacillus, restoration of ZO-1 and Occludin, less LPS translocation; doses not stated — Wu L, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024. View on PubMed
• Polysaccharide from fermented turkey tail mycelium (17,478 daltons) in mice on a high-fat diet (animal model): eased NAFLD signs via the microbiome and the FXR receptor — Tang H, et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023. View on PubMed
• Reishi extract 600 or 1,600 mg/kg in 40 Wistar rats with CCl4, 8 weeks (animal model): fall in hepatic hydroxyproline (p<0.01); at the high dose, fall in transaminases and TGF-β1 — Lin WC, et al. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2006. View on PubMed
• Reishi polysaccharides in mice with acute acetaminophen liver injury (animal model): fall in ALT, AST, ROS and MDA, Nrf2 activation; doses not stated — Zhang N, et al. Nutrients, 2024. View on PubMed
• Reishi spore powder in mice with acute alcoholic liver injury from 50% ethanol (animal model): sporoderm-broken spores lowered ALT and AST (p<0.0001); with intact spores the fall in AST was not significant — Leng Y, et al. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition), 2023. View on PubMed
• Reishi polysaccharide 50 and 200 mg/kg in rats with BCG-induced liver injury (animal model) and in liver microsomes: dose-dependent inhibition of CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A; “pharmacokinetics may be altered in herb–drug interaction” — Wang X, et al. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2007. View on PubMed
• Review: reishi and turkey tail with EGFR-TKI inhibitors in lung cancer — herb–drug interaction risk “may become critical”; transporter and CYP450 involvement; no human measurement — Zhang H, et al. Pharmaceutics, 2025. View on PubMed

Read next

• Medicinal Mushrooms and Blood Pressure: What the Research Actually Tested — and What It Found
• Cordyceps, Lungs and Breathing: What the Research Actually Tested — and What It Hasn’t
• Medicinal mushrooms and autoimmune disease — what the research actually tested
• Medicinal mushrooms and blood sugar — what the research actually tested
• Medicinal mushrooms and hair loss — what was tested and what was not
• The research hub — what has been measured in humans for every mushroom
• Do medicinal mushrooms have side effects?
• Drug interactions — what is known
• Reishi science
• Cordyceps science
• Medicinal mushrooms and kidney health
• Medicinal mushrooms and gout
• Lab results — β-glucan
• How to read a test report (COA)
• β-glucan vs polysaccharides
• Fresh or dried mushroom
• Regulation of mushroom supplements in Israel
• Medicinal mushrooms by goal

This page is a review of the scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis or a substitute for treatment. Medicinal mushroom extracts are dietary supplements, not drugs; under DSHEA they are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease, including liver disease. Anyone with liver disease, anyone taking regular medication, and anyone pregnant or breastfeeding must consult a physician before taking any supplement, including our products. The extracts contain 32% alcohol. This page is educational: it describes what published trials and case reports recorded — and what was not recorded; it is not a prediction of what any individual will experience, and it is not a recommendation to start, stop or combine any supplement with any medication — those decisions belong with your physician. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.*